1.
Below the Belt

from Vimeo user jiann

Below The Belt is an interactive installation exploring the tensions between competitive contact sports and the inward focus of breathing practices that support them. Using boxing props embedded with biometric sensors, each ‘competitor’s’ breath is measured according to speed and depth differentials.

[Forwarded by media curator Sarah Cook]

2.
L’Échiqueté (Checkered Chess)

a project by Patrick Bernier and Olive Martin

The pieces move the same way as they do in classical chess, and their starting positions are unchanged, but, as the game progresses, new characters make an appearance! In a nutshell: the capture of an enemy piece produces a piece belonging to both players, a double agent.

Basics.

1. Each capture produces a new piece in place of the two pieces involved. The player executing the capture decides whether this new piece takes on the nature of the capturing or the captured piece.

2. The new piece arising from a capture is neither white nor black but ‘checkered.’

3. All checkered pieces belong to the player currently taking their turn and can capture the opponents pieces (as described in rule 1 above). Their manner of moving remains the same as in classical chess.

See complete rules and more at chess-variants.net

[Forwarded by curator Joseph del Pesco of the Kadist Art Foundation]

3.
Monopoly Is Theft

By Christopher Ketcham, from Harper’s

Ketcham relates “the antimonopolist history of the world’s most popular board game” — the bickering over intellectual property, with the history of American tax policy as a side story.

The official history of Monopoly, as told by Hasbro, which owns the brand, states that the board game was invented in 1933 by an unemployed steam-radiator repairman and part-time dog walker from Philadelphia named Charles Darrow. Darrow had dreamed up what he described as a real estate trading game whose property names were taken from Atlantic City, the resort town where he’d summered as a child. Patented in 1935 by Darrow and the corporate game maker Parker Brothers, Monopoly sold just over 2 million copies in its first two years of production, making Darrow a rich man and likely saving Parker Brothers from bankruptcy. It would go on to become the world’s best-selling proprietary board game. At least 1 billion people in 111 countries speaking forty-three languages have played it, with an estimated 6 billion little green houses manufactured to date. Monopoly boards have been created using the streets of almost every major American city[...]

The game’s true origins, however, go unmentioned in the official literature. Three decades before Darrow’s patent, in 1903, a Maryland actress named Lizzie Magie created a proto-Monopoly as a tool for teaching the philosophy of Henry George, a nineteenth-century writer who had popularized the notion that no single person could claim to “own” land. In his book Progress and Poverty (1879), George called private land ownership an “erroneous and destructive principle” and argued that land should be held in common, with members of society acting collectively as “the general landlord.”

Magie called her invention The Landlord’s Game, and when it was released in 1906 it looked remarkably similar to what we know today as Monopoly.[...]

The Landlord’s Game, 1906. Image courtesy of Thomas E. Forsyth. (landlordsgame.info)

[Forwarded by Erin Morissette]

4.
Junkyard Sports

blog by Bernie DeKoven

DeKoven is a game designer and “fun theorist” who helped shaped the principles of the New Games movement in favour of non-competitive games.

Junkyard Sports is a book and a project that celebrates the creative enjoyment that can be wreaked with everyday objects. The blog records all sorts of mashups of innovative equipment and action.

5.
The Rules of Basketball: Works by Paul Pfeiffer and James Naismith’s “Original Rules of Basket Ball”

Paul Pfeiffer
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (08), 2005
Fujiflex digital C print, 60 x 48 in.
Collection Glenn and Amanda Fuhrman NY, Courtesy The FLAG Art Foundation
©Paul Pfeiffer. Courtesy Paula Cooper Gallery, New York

the Blanton Museum of Art
University of Texas at Austin
September 16, 2012 – January 13, 2013

This fall, the Blanton Museum of Art at The University of Texas at Austin presents The Rules of Basketball, an exhibition of works by contemporary artist Paul Pfeiffer, presented in conjunction with a special display of James Naismith’s “Original Rules of Basket Ball” — the 1891 document that outlined the 13 original rules of the game. In a rare union, the exhibition considers the sport from a historical perspective, and, on a more psychological level, explores the phenomena and spectacle that surround it. [...]

Artist Paul Pfeiffer’s body of work on basketball creates a unique counterpart to “The Rules” and provides visitors an opportunity to consider the sport in meaningful new ways. Pfeiffer has worked in the field of video, photography, installation art and sculpture since the late 1990s. Celebrated for his groundbreaking use of digital technologies, Pfeiffer adopts today’s frenetic visual language in order to consider the role that mass media plays in shaping consciousness. In this unprecedented presentation at the Blanton, guest curated by Regine Basha, Pfeiffer’s work will be installed in a dialogue with Naismith’s “Rules.” Through eight photographs and six video installations, the artist re-frames the players, the ball, and the architecture of the arena to underline the sublime potential of the game and its metaphoric undertones. Also on view will be an exciting new video work inspired by Wilt Chamberlain’s 1962 100-point game.[...]

6.
Sergio Romo and the Tim Wakefield Fastball

by Jeff Sullivan from Fangraphs

Two out, bottom of the ninth, Tigers down by one, facing being swept in the World Series. Triple-crown winner Miguel Cabrera, is up, the Tigers’ best bet to get them back into it. Sullivan describes the strategic mastery of Romo’s decision not to throw his best pitch.

The pitch was thrown in a 2-and-2 count. The pitch was a Sergio Romo fastball, instead of a Sergio Romo slider. From the start of the year, according to PITCHf/x, Cabrera had seen 131 fastballs in 2-and-2 counts. Of those, 94 were strikes, and of those strikes, 92 were swung at. It hasn’t been often that Cabrera has been caught looking by a two-strike fastball, but Romo had an inkling.[...]

There was every reason for Cabrera to be expecting a slider. There was every reason for Romo to stick with his slider, because he could afford another ball, and because the slider has been his reliable weapon for years. There was every reason for Posey to call for a slider. And this is where we get into game theory. Because there was every reason for one thing, Sergio Romo saw an opportunity to try another thing. We don’t know how often it would’ve worked, given a million repetitions, but we know how it worked the one time. It ended a World Series.[...]

We might forget sometimes that even our best-known games and sports have not always existed the way they are now; they either evolved over time or through cultural exchange, or they were created wholesale. Basketball, a sport now played by 200 million worldwide, was invented in late 1891 by James Naismith as a challenge from the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, to create a sport for the school’s most incorrigible students that would be “interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play in the winter and by artificial light.”[1]

Game design and sports have also become big business, so it can be easy to overlook the critical potential of play. Theorists of play have defined it variously as an activity that stands apart from ordinary life, as activity that involves the free acceptance of binding rules, as a cultural expression of a society, and so on. Games always seem to emerge in relation to a system, and so it follows that play can be a potential tool for subverting expectations and conventions. Artists have understood this well, and over the years have invented many games
that involve a radical rethinking of existing systems.

Some critical games

• Anti-Monopoly. In 1974 economics professor Ralph Anspach invented a board game resembling Monopoly, but re-written with language that undermined the cultural idea of monopoly upon which the original was based. Similarly, Bertel Ollman’s 1978 game Class Struggle, reworked the original, proposing instead to help players “prepare for life in capitalist America.”[2]
• Cadavre Exquis (Exquisite Corpse). Invented (or re-imagined) by the Surrealist group around the 1920s, Cadavre Exquis was first a language-based parlour game in which different people wrote elements of a sentence without seeing the other participants’ contributions. The first sentence produced —”The exquisite corpse will drink the new wine.”— gave the game its name. Later it evolved into a drawing game. Like many Surrealist techniques such as automatic writing and collage, the game attempts to disrupt traditional patterns and conventional thoughts about authorship.
• Yoko Ono. The Fluxus group with which Ono was associated, created many critical games that played with rules and chance operations. Although not obviously games, Ono’s work is particularly devastating when thought of in those terms, for they directly address the implicit rules by which we interact with each other. Take for example, her 1964 performance piece, Cut Piece, in which the audience was invited to the stage one by one to cut off and keep a piece of her clothing. She also made an all-white chess set (1966) and a series of works consisting simply of plain but socially challenging instructions, such as “Touch each other” or “Scream. 1. against the wind 2. against the wall 3. against the sky.”
• Gustavo Artigas, The Rules of the Game, San Diego/Tijuana, 2000-01. A project for the cross-border project insite, it included an event in which two Mexican football teams and two American basketball teams played against each other on the same court at the same time. Although not the first artist to propose a game involving two balls (see Uri Tzaig, for example), the literal clash of cultures staged by Artigas brought to the fore questions of cultural habits embedded in games.
• Lee Walton has created many performances that cross the systems of sport with urban systems and spaces, turning the city into a space of play. For example, for City Golf (2002), a round of golf was played in the city of San Francisco as if the golf course were superimposed onto the city. The score for each hole required a (social) reward or penalty of different degree to be performed.
• The Game at Hand, by Larry and Debby Kline (2002). A hand-made chess set in which one side features icons of American culture, and the other an indistinguishable set of burqa-clad figures. As the artists describe, “As viewers are encouraged to play, it becomes evident that the game cannot be conducted fairly even with the most conscientious of intentions. Once engaged, players become quickly confused; the player controlling the US side of the board cannot adequately strategize and the opponent will eventually violate the rules of the game either knowingly or unknowingly.“[3]
• Big Urban Game, by Katie Salen, Nick Fortuno and Frank Lantz (2003). The B.U.G. project was commissioned by the University of Minnesota Design Institute as part of a process of looking at urban planning for Minneapolis-Saint Paul. Three teams moved large, inflatable game pieces through the Twin Cities, taking advice online advice from the public to determine the fastest route. As Lantz writes about games that cover a large area, played by large numbers of people, set in the real world, they tend to “distort the relationship between game worlds and real worlds.”[4]

Notes

1. John Fox, The Ball: Discovering the Object of the Game (Harper Perennial, 2012), p. 267-8.
2. Mary Flanagan, Critical Play: Radical Game Design (MIT Press, 2009), pp. 87-8.
3. Larry and Debby Kline, “The Game at Hand,” http://www.jugglingklines.com/Game_at_Hand.htm.
4. Frank Lantz, “Big Games”, http://www.decisionproblem.com/big/

• How Stuff Works, “9 Odd Sporting Events from Around the World“: including Cheese Rolling, Pooh Sticks, and Wife Carrying.
• Listverse, “10 Odd Discontinued Olympic Sports“: in case you thought Tug-of-War was just for kids.
• Matador Network, “10 Odd Sports Around the World“. It’s official: everyone thinks Toe Wrestling is odd.
• The Rough Guide to Cult Sport (London: Rough Guides, 2011). Compendium of sports with dedicated followings, cult sporting figures, and historic battles. Get a taste of some on the Rough Guides site.
• Top End Sports, “Complete List of Weird and Unusual Sports” and “Unusual Sports“.
• World Alternative Games in Llanwrtyd Wells, Wales, best(?) known as the traditional home of the World Bog Snorkelling Championships.

Pinjat Pinang, from Rough Guides’ “The world’s strangest sports”